短文写作

1. 应用文（书信类）
2. 图表作文

应用文

类型

1. 感谢信
2. 道歉信
3. 建议信
4. 祝贺信
5. 邀请信

结构

• 信件格式

  • 整体格式
    • 齐头式
    • 缩紧式
  • 称呼
  • 问候
  • 正文
  • 结尾

• 信件开头

• 信件中间

• 信件结尾

称呼

• Dear Professor Liu, （敬语）

  Dr., Chairman, President, Premier, Governor etc.

• Dear Mr.Chen, （正常前缀）

  Mr., Mrs., Miss, etc.

• Dear Gentlemen, （群累名称）

  Sirs, Ladies, Committee, Board of Directors, Investors, et.

• Dear Robert, （名字）

  Johnny, Jenny, etc.

问候用语

• How are you?
• I hope you have had a great vacation.
• How are you getting along these days? I miss you very much.
• I hope ths email finds you well.
• It is my pleasure/honor to write this letter to all of you.

正文开头 - 开门见山

开门见山告知意图

• I am writing this email to …
• I am sure it will come as no surprise that
• I would like to follow up on the progress of …
• Regarding the issue of …
• The purpose of this email is to inquire about …

论据部分- 中间段（分点说）

• 感谢信：感谢论据
• 道歉信：道歉论据
• 建议信：建议论据
• 祝贺信：祝贺论据
• 邀请信：邀请论据

说论据 （四句话）

• 引出原因或影响
• 第一点
• 第二点
• 配合例子

句型

引出原因

• 分析原因
  • **We many cite a variety of reasons accounting for this. ** The major ones can be listed as follows.
  • There are a lot of reasons can be listed.
• 原因概述功能段落
  • To get a better salary can be cited as the major reason for job-hopping(跳槽).

引出观点

• We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this.
• There are a lot of reasons can be listed.
• … can be cited as the major reason for …

引出影响

• As a result , people in growing numbers come to realize the fundamental role in sustaining ecological balance, which has aroused close social attention from all walks of life.
• The influence of electronic products upon the psychological and mental state of children is enormous.
• It will exert a profound/far-reaching/remarkable impact on economic development.
  • 句式：sth. exert a profound/far-reaching/remarkable impacts.

引出例子

• For example
• To take tourism in Beijing as a typical example, tourism income of the city reached 6.48 million dollars.

正文结尾 - 请求祝愿邀请

邀请信

• My wife and i are looking forward to your coming.
• We will very much appreciate it if you can come.
• Many thanks to you for your dinner again.

道歉信

• Your understanding for my absence would be very much appreciated.

落款

1. Yours sincerely
2. Best regards
3. Best wishes
4. Regards
5. Best
6. Cheers

从1到6，正式到非正式

图表作文

国内考试

高考，四六级，考研英语二等（单图为主）实质上议论文简单的数据表达（升降平，最值）

国外考试

雅思（混合图表），客观描述，不联想。

分类

• 线图（LineChart）
• 表格（Table）
• 柱状图（ColumnChart）
• 饼图（PieChart）

写作步骤

1. 认真分析图表含义，弄清图表中所含信息及不同信息间的关系；
2. 确定文章主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图标主题思想的典型数据；
3. 编列文章的提纲；
4. 根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡；
5. 检查与修改。

篇章结构

• 第一段：概述图表反应的主题思想
  • 开头段：描述数据-极端值或趋势
• 第二段：分析产生的原因
  • 中间段：引出原因-第一点-第二点-第三点-配合例子
• 第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议
  • 结尾段：综上所述+自己观点

词汇

• 泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
• 饼图：Pie chart
• 直方图或柱形图：bar chart/histogram
• 趋势曲线图：line chart/curve diagram
• 表格图：table
• 流程图或过程图：flow chart/sequence diagram

开篇句型

• The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)
• According to the table/chart diagram/graph
• As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
• As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, figures/statistics shows (that) …
• It can be seen from the figures/statistics
• We can see from the figures/statistics
• It is clear from the figures/statistics
• It is apparent from the figures/statistics
• table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) …

描述：show, describe, illustrate, can be seen from, clear, apparent, reveal, repesent

内容：figure, statistic, number, percentage, proportion

表示数据变化的单词或词组

• repid/repidly 迅速的、飞快的、险峻的
• dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的、生动的
• significant/significantly 有意义的、重大的、重要的
• sharp/sharply 锐利的、明显的、急剧的
• steep/steeply 急剧升降的
• steady/steadily 稳固的、坚定不移的
• gradual/gradually 渐进的、逐渐的
• show/showly 缓慢的、不活跃的
• slight/slightly 轻微的、略微的

• stable/stably 稳定的

• The moust obvious reason for this phenomenon is that … Consequently, …
• No matter you like it or not, AAA has become more and more popular and there are many reason for it.
• It’s an urgent task for us to change this unfavourable situation: …
• The picture can reminds you of some strange, yet familiar phenomena existing in our society.
• A great number of solutions are being offered. Some people suggest that … Others argue that …

结尾段

• 得出结论
  • From what i have discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public~.
• 引出观点
  • I~~ am of the opinion that ~~the principal purpose of animal olouring is to attract a mate or scare away predators.
    • 句式：sb. is of the opinion that …